時隔三周再次迎來托福考試，本場托福上午場，仍舊延續(xù)了4月份的特點，重復了比較近的2月22日，3月29日以及4月12日部分考次的寫作或者是口語題，基本上所有托福題目都是舊題，這充分說明了對于既往題目復習的重要性。

1.Writing

第一套

綜合寫作

主題：whether the building of Erie Canal would be successful

閱讀部分：

1. 第一個挑戰(zhàn)來自于當?shù)氐牡匦蔚孛?。建運河不僅需要砍樹，挖出樹根，運河路線還經(jīng)過濕地，可能會導致供工人生病。(The first challenge was the local terrain and landscape.)

2. 第二個問題是缺乏人手。那個時候的美國人口相對少，無法提供建運河需要的上千工人。 (The second challenge was a lack of workers.)

3. 最后，批評者認為建Erie運河的高成本并不會帶來足夠的好處。建運河主要是為了促進沿海地區(qū)和美國中西部的貿(mào)易。但當時并沒有很多人生活在中西部，因此也不會很多的商品需要被運送到沿海。(Finally, critics argued that the Erie Canal would not yield enough benefits to justify its high cost.)

聽力部分：

1. 首先，當時已經(jīng)發(fā)明出了有效的砍樹挖根的設備；至于擔心工人生病問題，只要等到冬天再開工就可以了。(Let’s start with the trees. To deal with them, some very useful devices were invented. As for the dangers posed by the wetlands, workers simply waited until winter to dig through these regions.)

2. 其次，建運河前，上千歐洲人移民到美國，剛好可以解決工人短缺的問題。(Second, getting enough workers, well, thousands of immigrants from Europe arrived in the United States just around the time construction was to start.)

3. 最后，之所以很少有人生活在中西部，主要因為到達中西部很難，運送商品又很貴。但這一切都因為Erie運河的建設而得到了改善。(Lastly, it was difficult to get there and costly to ship goods back. That all changed with the completion of the Erie Canal.)

學術(shù)討論

求學過程中是否還要全職工作？

 Dr. Gupta

Nowadays, many people are pursuing an advanced degree(like master or doctorate) to stay competitive. Some people become a full-time student to get an advanced degree as quickly as possible and then pursue your career later; others try to get an advanced degree while still working full-time. In your view, if you are a full-time employee with a bachelor’s degree and you have two options. Which do you prefer?

Paul

If they continue to work while studying, it’s quite hard for them to concentrate on what they are learning.

Claire

Pursuing an advanced degree during full-time job is very practical and beneficial for people in current society.

因?qū)W點評

同意Paul

如果我們同意Paul的意見，可以先順著保羅的觀點，進一步討論為什么邊學習邊工作，注意力無法集中。然后再給出一個自己的理由來支持。

1. It’s very difficult to focus on the academic program when things happen at workplace since students will always be interrupted by messages and emails related to work. 學習時總被工作信息干擾，效率低

2. In addition, the quality academic learning will be negatively influenced because those who have a full-time job will find it impossible to squeeze enough time for attending academic activities like seminars. 由于沒時間參加學術(shù)活動，學習質(zhì)量也下降

同意Claire

由于Claire的理由主要集中于職場優(yōu)勢，例如活學活用以及受到同事老板青睞。我們首先可以順著這個點深入討論，然后再提出額外的一個理由。

1. If a person’s work is often appreciated by his teammates and boss, he is more likely to get a promotion on the position. 得到認可才能有更好晉升機會。

2. Moreover, working on an advanced degree during the off-work hours helps people to meet classmates from various industries. 有機會在學習過程中遇到不同行業(yè)的人，拓寬人脈。

第二套

綜合寫作
主題：如何抑制false bamboo？

閱讀部分：

1. 拔除土壤中的野草。

2. 使用除草劑。

3. 使用某些昆蟲作為獵食者。

聽力部分：

1. 費時費力，容易再次生長。

2. 一次殺不死，要三到四次，同時面積較大，費用當?shù)卣疅o法負擔。

3. 這種昆蟲只適合生長在亞洲的溫暖氣候之下，無法適應當?shù)丨h(huán)境。

學術(shù)討論
講課是否是有效的教育法？
 
Dr. Diaz

One traditional method of classroom instruction is lecturing. Today, some educators believe that teachers should limit how much time they spend lecturing and instead teach by encouraging in-class discussions and having students work in groups. However, some teachers still teach primarily by lecturing. Do you believe lecturing is an effective teaching method? Why or why not?

Claire

I think lecturing can be effective. Some teachers can explain even complex concepts by telling interesting stories and by providing memorable examples.

Paul

In my opinion, lecturing is mainly ineffective because a teacher who only gives lectures can't know what's going on in students' minds. 

因?qū)W點評

教育類的話題相信學生都不太陌生，不過其實反方會更加容易寫一點。正方更適合由教師經(jīng)驗的人來寫。

支持Claire：講課能有效傳授知識

1. Firstly, lecturing allows teachers to provide a structured and organized presentation of information. This can be especially useful when dealing with complex topics that require a step-by-step explanation, such as maths and physics concepts.

2. Secondly, effective lecturers know how to engage their students through storytelling and fascinating examples.

支持Paul：講課并非有效的教學模式

1. Firstly, it is crucial for teachers to have a clear understanding of students' comprehension levels and address any doubts or misconceptions they may have

2. Additionally, interactive teaching methods promote critical thinking and problem-solving skills, allowing students to engage with the subject matter on a deeper level.

第三套

綜合寫作
主題：Privatization of Infrastructure（可以參考TPO40聽力lecture4，話題很類似）

閱讀部分：

1. 政府可以通過資金回籠。這些收入可以用于各種用途。

2. 私人公司更專業(yè)，能更好地維護基礎(chǔ)設施。

3. 私人公司會引進新技術(shù)使基礎(chǔ)設施更加高效。

聽力部分：

1. 私人公司獲得了長期收費權(quán)，政府是虧損的。

2. 私人公司可能只關(guān)注短期利潤，而不會維護基礎(chǔ)設施。

3. 基礎(chǔ)設施私有化可能導致壟斷，反而減少了引進新技術(shù)的動力。

學術(shù)討論

看線上視頻是否對于兒童有害？

Dr. Achebe

Many parents allow their children to watch entertaining or educational videos on devices like smartphones or tablets. Overall, do you think watching a lot of online videos is harmful to children? Why or why not?

Andrew

I think watching online videos is harmful to children. Children under two years old need to develop communication skills.

Claire

It’s good for children who are past communication stage to learn about animals and nature.

因?qū)W點評

這道題來自于傳統(tǒng)媒體話題中的媒體對少年兒童的影響，其中要注意Claire的觀點是部分反駁，即并沒有反駁Andrew關(guān)于communication的部分，所以我們寫的時候要考慮進去這個方面。

贊同Andrew: harmful to children from all age

Defend:

Excessive screen time can lead to a sedentary lifestyle, which is unhealthy for children's physical and mental health, no matter what development stage they are in.

Supplement:

Another reason why online videos can be harmful to children is that they may lead to addiction and affect children's attention span. Children who spend too much time watching videos may struggle to focus on other tasks, such as reading or homework.

反對Claire:

Educational videos can be beneficial, as they provide children with opportunities to learn about new topics and engage with the world around them. However, some videos may contain inappropriate content or messages that could negatively impact children's values and attitudes.  

贊同Claire: have benefits

Defend:

Watching videos can also be a valuable learning experience since educational videos can provide children with a wealth of information and knowledge that they may not otherwise have access to.

Supplement:

Another point to consider is that online videos can also provide children with a sense of connection and community. Many videos are designed to be interactive, and children can engage with other viewers through comments and discussions.

反對Andrew:

While it is true that excessive screen time can lead to a sedentary lifestyle, it is up to parents to regulate their children's screen time and ensure that they engage in other activities as well.

2.Speaking

第一套

Task 1

Some students prefer to review their course notes regularly throughout the semester. Others prefer to wait until just before exams. Which do you think is better? Use details and examples to explain your opinion.

因?qū)W點評

今天的獨立口語題是關(guān)于考試復習的，比較簡單，從兩個角度都可以很容易找到話講，這里我們從第一個角度給大家一個回答的例子。當話題比較簡單的時候，大多數(shù)考生講的內(nèi)容都差不多，不會拉開差距，這個時候如果要分數(shù)不錯，就要在語言的組織和表達上做到比平常更好。

參考文本

I believe it’s better to brush up on lessons frequently throughout the whole semester because first, students won’t have as much pressure as they do if they wait until just before exams. It’s rather difficult to go over all the stuff they learn within a couple of days and since the exams are just around the corner, students who haven’t reviewed their course notes regularly may develop anxiety or even insomnia or depression if they can’t deal with the stress. Moreover, it’s more effective in this way as people tend to easily forget the knowledge they acquire, such as vocabulary and historical facts, and the best way to remember these details is to repeat them over and over again, which takes a long period of time.

Task 2
A Three-Year Degree Program

Task 3
User-Generated Content

Task 4
Reproduction in certain marine animal species

第二套Task 1
Some students choose to enter university immediately after finishing high school. Others prefer to take time off before beginning their university classes. Which option do you think is better? Explain why.

因?qū)W點評

這道題是在口語寫作中都很喜歡被考官拿出來討論的gap year的問題，這個選擇可以因人而異，根據(jù)自己的喜好選擇即可。

參考文本

Personally, I will choose to take a year off before embarking on university if conditions allow. First, a gap year will allow me to explore interests or careers before committing to a major. For instance, I'm interested in computer science, but I'm not sure computer programmer is the right career for me. I could use the year interning at a tech startup to figure out if coding or other responsibilities for that job is something I really enjoy. And also, I can try out several other interns and part-time jobs to compare. I think after a year of exploration, I will be able to have a more focused university experience.

Task 2
Final Exam Canceled

Task 3
Conditional Mutualism

Task 4
Neolithic Revolution

第三套

Task 1
When new technology is invented, such as new mobile phones or computers, some people like to buy it as soon as it becomes available. Other people prefer to wait before they buy it. Which do you prefer?

因?qū)W點評

這道題討論的是電子產(chǎn)品購買方式，在之前舊版托福的獨立寫作中也考察過，難度并不高，我們來看一個范文。

參考范文

I prefer to wait for some time to make the purchase. First, new gadgets, especially electronic devices, tend to be unreasonably expensive when they are first available on the market. However, as time goes on, although their quality stays the same, their prices naturally decline, so waiting for some time could save money. Second, new technology sometimes may be not mature or safe enough, so it’s wise to wait for some time to see whether their high prices make sense. For example, some new iphones used to boast about their new improvements when they were first launched, but the camera quality, battery life and the staff remained unchanged, so it’ unwise to go for the new technology too early.

Task 2
Change to Funding Policy for Student Clubs

Task 3
Costly Signals

Task 4
Two advantages of being in a business network

3.Listening

對話：

1. telescope

2. cafeteria

3. volleyball course

4. art history

講座：

1. 前衛(wèi)先鋒音樂

2. 天文探測器

3. 美洲hunter-gatherer

4. 睡眠對認知的影響

5. 地理學

6. 動物體型進化

4.Reading

1. Blocks of Life

2. Woodblock prints

3. Chimpanzee communication

4. Maya

5. Early metallurgy

6. Ecosystem

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