托福閱讀題作為考官慘絕人寰的殺手锏之一，已經(jīng)是我們最熟悉也是最擅長應(yīng)對的了。這也就導(dǎo)致了很多同學(xué)在備考托福的時候，雖然知道托福閱讀其實是聽說讀寫中最好拿分的，但是因為看不懂文章，所以總也提不了分。

今天，我們就從做閱讀題的基礎(chǔ)——閱讀文章的句子本身出發(fā)，好好研究一下閱讀長難句，為做題做好充分的準備。

不論是哪種句子，快速找到句子主干都可以幫助我們迅速判斷出句子的大意，進而推斷是否需要仔細去讀該句，幫助鎖定出題點與解題點。

那么如何能夠快速找到句子主干重點呢？

我們的Christine老師教大家一個非常簡單的口訣，叫做：去修飾、找并列。

我們都知道一個句子很長，里面除了基本的主干之外，還有一些：定語、狀語、同位語等修飾成分，這些修飾可能以詞或短語的形式出現(xiàn)，也可能以從句或插入語的形式出現(xiàn)，不管是哪一種形式，在看句子主干時都可以自動忽略，只專注于句子主干信息。

所以去修飾的意思就是不看修飾，找并列是要看這個句子是否是并列句。

一般來說，在去掉：

•定語：that,which(介詞+which),who,…

•狀語：v+ing，when，where，if，because

等修飾成分之后，可以看一下這個句子中是否有連詞：

and/or/but，not only…but also…，not…but…，no more/longer/less…than，as…as等，有的話并列雙方都要看，沒有的話這個句子可能就是普通的簡單句：主系表、主謂賓、There be句型等。

這樣通過簡單的去修飾找并列，就可以大致看出一個句子的核心內(nèi)容，掃讀定位起來也就不難了。

我們以外文報刊雜志中選取的閱讀長難句為例，提取一下重點信息（紅色為句子主干，藍色為從句等修飾）：

•The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned,so that they are distributed in both the most just and the most effective way,is not a new one.

•Since the early years of the twentieth century,when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records,there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run,how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects,themselves included,through space.

•According to Siegel,international environmental organizations are beginning to pay closer attention to the region,partly because of the problems of erosion and pollution of the Nile delta,but principally because they fear the impact this situation could have on the whole Mediterranean coastal ecosystem.

•The field was launched,and the term"artificial intelligence"coined,at a conference in 1956,by a group of researchers that included Marvin Minsky,John MaCarthy,Herbert Simon and Alan Newell,all of whom went on to become leading figures in the field.

•In particular,the problem of information overload,exacerbated by the growth of e-mail and the explosion in the number of web pages,means there are plenty of opportunities for new technologies to help filter and categorize information—classic Al problems.

•Educating Psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which looks at radical new approaches to learning,describing the effects of emotion,imagination and the unconscious on learning.

•At the height of the Roman Empire,nine major systems,with an innovative layout of pipes and well-built sewers,supplied the occupants of Rome with as much water per person as is provided in many parts of the industrial world today.

•Nevertheless,it may be the only way to address successfully the pressing problems of providing everyone with clean water to drink,adequate water to grow food and a life free from preventable water-related illness.

•The first is to act as a"green lung"for our planet;by means of photosynthesis,forests produce oxygen through the transformation of solar energy,thus fulfilling what for humans is the essential role of an immense,non-polluting power plant.

另外，對于剛開始練習(xí)快速閱讀長難句的同學(xué)來說，抓住主語與謂語也是一個非常有效的方法：

一般來說，一個句子中第一個出現(xiàn)的獨立名詞（前面沒有介詞等）即為主語，如果句子開始為修飾成分的話沒關(guān)系，往后找名詞做主語；

主語之后如果沒有其他成分，緊接著的動詞即為謂語，不過一般來說，主語之后都會有插入語等修飾，跳過修飾找到動詞即可。

以上就是《學(xué)會長難句解剖，托福閱讀分數(shù)瞬間提升》介紹。外語加油站，專業(yè)外語培訓(xùn)服務(wù)平臺?？焖倭私庋潘肌⑼懈?、SAT等外語考試報名信息、報考要求、真題詳解等，歡迎在線預(yù)約咨詢